1. Gospel Doctrine, 5th ed. (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Co., 1939), p. 309.

2. Statement of the First Presidency, 31 Jan. 1912; printed in Improvement Era, Mar. 1912, p. 417; see also Millennial Star, 24 Aug. 1922, p. 539.

3. Lorenzo Snow, Millennial Star, 31 Aug. 1899, p. 547; discussed in Dallin H. Oaks, Pure in Heart (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1988), pp. 61-62.

4. Letter of the First Presidency, 14 Nov. 1991.

5. See D&C 76; discussed in Dallin H. Oaks, “Apostasy and Restoration,” Ensign, May 1995, pp. 86-87.

6. “An Easter Greeting from the First Presidency,” Church News, 15 Apr. 1995, p. 1.

7. “Free Agency and Freedom,” Brigham Young University 1987-88 Devotional and Fireside Speeches (Provo: BYU Publications, 1988), pp. 46-47; the edited version printed here is found in Monte S. Nyman and Charles D. Tate, Jr., eds., The Book of Mormon: Second Nephi, The Doctrinal Structure (Provo: BYU Religious Studies Center, 1989), pp. 13-15.

8. R. C. Lewontin and others, Not in Our Genes (New York: Pantheon Books, 1984); R. Hubbard and E. Wald, Exploding the Gene Myth (Boston: Beacon Press, 1993).

9. R. C. Friedman and J. Downey, “Neurobiology and Sexual Orientation: Current Relationships,” Journal of Neuropsychiatry 5 (1993): 149.

10. Ibid.

11. J. M. Bailey and R. C. Pillard, “A Genetic Study of Male Sexual Orientation,” Archives of General Psychiatry 48 (1991): 1089-96.

12. J. M. Bailey, R. C. Pillard, and others, “Heritable Factors Influence Sexual Orientation in Women,” Archives of General Psychiatry 50 (1993): 217-23.

13. D. Hamer and P. Copeland, The Science of Desire (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994), p. 218.

14. W. Byne and B. Parsons, “Human Sexual Orientation: The Biologic Theories Reappraised,” Archives of General Psychiatry 50 (1993): 228.

15. Dean Hamer and others, “A Linkage Between DNA Markers on the X Chromosome and Male Sexual Orientation,” Science 261(16 July 1993): 321-27.

16. The Science of Desire, pp. 145-46.

17. W. Byne, “The Biological Evidence Challenged,” Scientific American, May 1994, pp. 50, 55.

18. Byne and Parsons, “Human Sexual Orientation,” pp. 236-37.

19. Gordon B. Hinckley, “Reverence and Morality,” Ensign, May 1987, p. 47.

20. Letter to Dallin H. Oaks, 3 Sept. 1994.

21. Television interview with Elder Dallin H. Oaks, 3 Dec. 1986; answer not telecast; excerpts printed in “Apostle Reaffirms Church’s Position on Homosexuality,” Church News, 14 Feb. 1987, pp. 10, 12.

22. Gordon B. Hinckley, “Reverence and Morality,” p. 47.